Large-scale field testing of geotechnical seismic isolation of structures using gravel-rubber mixtures

We present the results of a large-scale experimental campaign performed on the prototype structure of EuroProteas in Thessaloniki, Greece, to assess the effectiveness of gravel-rubber mixture (GRM) layers underneath shallow foundations as a means of geotechnical seismic isolation (GSI). We found that the GSI of structures is optimized by increasing the rubber content of the soil-rubber mixture up to 30% per mixture weight. The effectiveness of the GSI systems has been investigated numerically and in small-scale experiments. This article seeks to fill the gap in the lack of full-scale experimental studies on this subject. Three soil pits were excavated and backfilled with GRM of different rubber content per weight to serve as foundation soil. A large number of instruments were installed on the structure, the foundation, the soil surface, and inside the GRM layers beneath the foundation to fully monitor the GSI-structure systems' response in three dimensions. The experimental investigation included ambient noise, free- and forced-vibration tests. Our results showed that a GSI layer composed of a GRM with 30% rubber content effectively isolates the structure. Even 0.5 m thickness (ie, B/6 of the foundation width) of the GSI system successfully cuts off practically all emitted waves at a (horizontal or vertical) distance of B/6 from the foundation. A significant reduction in the GSI-structure system's stiffness was apparent, leading to a rocking-dominant response. The rise in the system's damping and the substantial energy dissipation inside the GRM layer highlight its effectiveness as a GSI system.