Statistical significance: Interpreting the p-value

The concept of statistical significance is often accompanied by misunderstandings. This is due to the fact, among other things, that the theoretical concepts and parameters that lie behind the significance test are not dealt with adequately. This includes, for example, the p-value, which indicates the probability with which the observed or a more extreme "effect" would be found if this "effect" did not actually exist. The example of a coin toss is used to explain the concept of the null hypothesis significance test in order to create a better understanding of the interpretation of scientific results.