The architecture of the electric power system of the International Space Station and its application as a platform for power technology development

Because the electrical power system developed for the International Space Station (ISS) represents the largest space-based power system ever designed and, consequently, has driven some key technology aspects and operational challenges. The full U.S.-built system consists of a 160-Volt de primary network, and a more tightly regulated 120-Volt de secondary network. Additionally, the U.S. system interfaces with the 28-Volt system in the Russian segment. The international nature of the Station has resulted in modular converters, switchgear, outlet panels, and other components being built by different countries, with the associated interface challenges. This paper provides details of the architecture and unique hardware developed for the Space Station, and examines the opportunities it provides for further long-term space power technology development, such as lithium-ion batteries and flywheel energy storage systems.