Icons, straw men and precision: Reflections on demographic theories of fertility decline

Despite the passage of half a century since 'demographic transition theory' first appeared in English-language demographic literature, many would agree that relatively little progress has been made toward refinement and testing of leading theoretical ideas, or towards theoretical consensus. There has rather been a proliferation of untested theories, partially overlapping and often associated with one individual, discipline, or school of thought. It is argued here that lack of clarity, precision and rigor in the statement, criticism, and use of theories of fertility decline is a major cause of the lack of theoretical progress. The greater use of tools for the computer modeling of complex dynamic systems is seen as a partial remedy. Emphasis is on the use of computer modeling (simulation) as a theoretical tool.