A novel quantum E-payment protocol based on blockchain

In order to meet real needs, we present a novel E-payment model and design the corresponding protocol, in which we employ both classical and quantum cryptographic technologies, e.g., classical blockchain, quantum key distribution and quantum proxy blind signature. The protocol cannot only guarantee the anonymity of users but also meet more security requirements. Compared with the existing quantum E-payment protocols, our protocol has two good advantages: one is to use three-qubit entangled states instead of four or more-qubit entangled states to reduce the complexity of quantum resources, and the other is to employ blockchain to make it more robust.