Behaviours of supersonic oxygen jet injected from four-hole lance during top-blown converter steelmaking process

The top-blown oxygen jet behaviours at different stagnation temperatures in converter steelmaking process were investigated by using numerical simulation technique. The multiphase flow in top-blown converter with four-hole lance was computed. The results show that with the increasing stagnation temperature of the supersonic oxygen jet, the velocity and static temperature of the jet increase, while the potential core length of the jet shortens. The penetrability of the oxygen jet injected from a four-hole top-blown lance is improved with the increasing stagnation temperature of the jet from 300 to 900 K, while the penetrability declines with the further increase in the stagnation temperature from 900 to 1200 K. Although the penetration depth and impact area corresponding to the oxygen jet with stagnation temperature of 1200 K are smaller than those of 900 K, the horizontal velocity of liquid steel increases with the increasing stagnation temperature due to the increase in the intersection and interference of jet flow, which further enhances the flow of the liquid phase at the interface of gas and liquid and promotes the mixing conditions in converter bath.