One water - evolving roles of our precious resource and critical challenges

This article presents the evolving challenges and roles of our water resources in this contemporary world. First, water quality issues surrounding water supplies are discussed. Potential pathways to address the water quality challenges are presented, which include technological approaches for minimizing waste and enhancing resource recovery. Focused discussions on emerging global pollutants such as microplastics and PFAS (per- and poly-fluoro alkyl substances) and treatment alternatives are included. Next, the roles of used water (wastewater) in the wake of circular economy and recent outbreaks are discussed. The potential for energy and resource recovery possibilities and the critical role of wastewater treatment plants in controlling the spread of outbreaks are discussed in detail. Finally, perspectives on some of the key developments essential for transforming our water infrastructure, addressing water-centered socio-economic issues and the critical needs of digitalization in water sector operations are presented.