Different Response Patterns of Soil Respiration to a Nitrogen Addition Gradient in Four Types of Land-Use on an Alluvial Island in China

It has been well documented that nitrogen (N) additions significantly affect soil respiration (R (s)) and its components [that is, autotrophic (R (a)) and heterotrophic respiration (R (h))] in terrestrial ecosystems. These N-induced effects largely result from changes in plant growth, soil properties (for example, pH), and/ or microbial community. However, how R (s) and its components respond to N addition gradients from low to high fertilizer application rates and what the differences are in diverse land-use types remain unclear. In our study, a field experiment was conducted to examine response patterns of R (s) to a N addition gradient at four levels (0, 15, 30, and 45 g N m(-2) y(-1)) in four types of land-use (paddy rice-wheat and maize-wheat croplands, an abandoned field grassland, and a Metasequoia plantation) from December 2012 to September 2014 in eastern China. Our results showed that N addition significantly stimulated R (s) in all four land-use types and R (h) in croplands (paddy rice-wheat and maize-wheat). R (s) increased linearly with N addition rates in croplands and the plantation, whereas in grassland, it exhibited a parabolic response to N addition rates with the highest values at the moderate N level in spite of the homogeneous matrix for all four land-use types. This suggested higher response thresholds of R (s) to the N addition gradient in croplands and the plantation. During the wheat-growing season in the two croplands, R (h) also displayed linear increases with rising N addition rates. Interestingly, N addition significantly decreased the apparent temperature sensitivity of R (s) and increased basal R (s). The different response patterns of R (s) to the N addition gradient in diverse land-use types with a similar soil matrix indicate that vegetation type is very important in regulating terrestrial C cycle feedback to climate change under N deposition.