Influence of end-effect on torque-speed characteristics of various switched flux permanent magnet machine topologies

Purpose - The purpose of this paper is to investigate and compare the influence of end-effect on the torque-speed characteristics of three conventional switched flux permanent magnet (SFPM) machines having different stator/rotor pole combinations, i.e. 12/10, 12/13 and 12/14 as well as three novel topologies with less permanent magnets (PMs), i.e. multi-tooth, E-core and C-core. Design/methodology/approach - SFPM machines combine the advantages of simple and robust rotor and easy management of the temperature due to the location of the PMs and armature windings on the stator. However, due to spoke location of the PMs a large flux leakage in the end region, i.e. end-effect, can be observed which could result in a large reduction in the electromagnetic performance. Therefore, the influence of end-effect on the torque-speed characteristics is investigated. 3D-finite element analyses (FEA) results are compared with their 2D-FEA counterparts in order to account for the end-effect influence. Findings - It has been concluded that due to end flux leakage, lower torque capability in the constant torque region is observed in the six machines. However, improved flux-weakening capability in the conventional machines can be exhibited at high current levels, whereas due to the large inductance lower power capability in the multi-tooth, E-core and C-core machines is obtained. Research limitations/implications - The influence of temperature rise on the performance is not included. Originality/value - This paper has analysed the influence of end-effect on the torque-speed characteristics of several SFPM machines.