DNA-based tumor vaccines

Tumor vaccination strategies have been increased over the past years. This increase began with the identification of tumor antigens recognized by the immune system. Better understanding of the immune system and increasing knowledge about the antigen presentation process and the role of dendritic cells have opened new therapeutic possibilities. DNA vaccines, already successfully used against viral antigens and covering a broad repertoire of epitopes, might also be of advantage in tumor immunotherapy. Design and selection of vectors are of considerable importance for the vaccination. There are three major types of DNA-based recombinant cancer vaccines: DNA from tumor antigens can be used 1) to modify dendritic cells, 2) as 'naked' DNA-vaccine or 3) to construct recombinant viral vaccines. The current status in this field is shown and different vaccination strategies are discussed.