Coverage of HIV testing among pregnant women in Nigeria: progress, challenges and opportunities

Objective This study assessed the progress, opportunities and challenges in scaling up of HIV testing for pregnant women in Nigeria. Methods Data were retrieved from the 2016-2017 fifth multiple cluster survey. Adjusted and unadjusted logistic regression models were used to examine demographic factors associated with HIV testing while controlling for geopolitical zones. Results At the population level, the coverage of HIV testing among pregnant women increased by 10% points from 32.8 to 42.7% between 2013 and 2017. Also, the coverage of antenatal HIV testing grew by 20 points, from 50.1 to 70.5% over the period. However, women were still more likely to be tested for HIV during pregnancy if they were older than 24 years [adjusted odds ratio (AOR) 1.33, 95% CI 1.04-1.69], had higher education [AOR 6.94, 95% CI 5.07-9.49], resided in urban areas [AOR 1.26, 95% CI 1.07, 1.50] and belong to richest wealth quintile [AOR 7.43, 95% CI 5.72-9.66]. Conclusion Our findings suggest that progress has been made in scaling up of antenatal coverage of HIV testing. However, the level of HIV testing during pregnancy remains low and far below the 95% national target. Appropriate interventions are needed in resource-poor communities where antenatal care utilization is very low.