Profile of patients with type 2 diabetes and glycated haemoglobin ≥ 10% followed in general practice

Objective To determine whether profiles of patients with unbalanced type 2 diabetes (T2DM) and glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) >= 10% could be identified on the basis of socio-demographic, behavioural, clinical, and biological characteristics. Methods Retrospective, cross-sectional, factorial analysis study of patients with T2DM treated for at least 1 year, with HbA1c >= 10%. Patients were recruited via medical analysis laboratories, France. Patients were followed up in general practice with possible recourse to specialist consultations. Data were collected by means of self-administered questionnaires sent by post. Results A total of 104 patients were included: 69 men and 35 women, with a median age of 66 +/- 12 years, body mass index 30.7 +/- 6.2kg/m(2) and 47% in a vulnerable socio-economic situation. Fifty patients (48%) were followed exclusively by their general practitioners and only 30% had no compliance problems. Creatinuria was measured at least once during the year in 92% of patients, but microalbuminuria was measured in only 20%. Age, socio-economic precariousness, insulin treatment, and follow-up by several health professionals had a negative influence on quality of life (QoL). Two patient profiles were defined by factor analysis: (i) young, rural, smoker, socially isolated, precarious patient with poor compliance and QoL; and (ii) elderly, urban, regular physical activity, in a couple, without precariousness and with satisfactory QoL. Conclusions Analysis of the characteristics of patients with T2DM and glycaemic imbalance reveals profiles that are useful in clinical practice for a personalized approach to treatment and active prevention of diabetes complications.