Multipath TDOA and FDOA Estimation in Passive Bistatic Radar via Multiple Signal Classification

This paper addresses the joint estimation of time and frequency differences of arrival (TDOAs/FDOAs) between overlapped multipath echo signals and reference signal in passive bistatic radar (PBR). A novel method based on MUltiple Signal Classification (MUSIC) is proposed. Its main strategy is to divide the autocorrelation matrix into signal subspace and noise subspace, and use the orthogonality between these two subspaces to estimate the TDOA and FDOA parameters. The proposed MUSIC-based method does not require any prior knowledge of the number of multipath echo signals and offers robust and super-resolution performance. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed MUSIC-based method dramatically outperforms existing methods.