THE ENVIRONMENTAL KUZNETS CURVE FOR CO2 EMISSIONS AND GDP OF TURKEY: A CO-INTEGRATION ANALYSIS AND ARDL

Environmental issues have been playing a crucial role about matters concerning the future of Earth. Environmental protection and economic development related entities have long been debating these important environmental issues. As such, it is an important subject to determine suitable indicators and data for gaining true empirical explanations and results for these subjects. As we know, greenhouse effect emissions are steadily increasing in the World. This paper examines the long run equilibrium relationship between CO2 emissions and Gross Domestic Product per capita in Turkey by employing time series data covering the period; 1960-2018. This study aims at testing whether or not there exist the Environmental Kuznets Curve relationship between CO2 emissions and Gross Domestic Product per capita in the long run at equilibrium. The Engle-Granger method and Autoregressive Distributed Lag Model were employed for empirical analysis. A simple linear relationship between CO2 emissions and Gross Domestic Product per capita were found during the period. 1960-2018 and supported an Environmental Kuznets Curve relation.