Multiaxial cyclic response of filled rubber

Cyclic response of filled rubber to simultaneous combinations of shear and extension is studied experimentally. Both in-phase (elastic) and out-of-phase (dissipative) portions of the response are measured for simple shear, uniaxial tension, and combinations of the two. As noted by other researchers, the response is nonlinear, with a strong dependence on strain amplitude. However. it is shown that the response to tension and to combinations of strains can be approximately related to the response to simple shear. Such correlations are useful in predicting the response of rubber-based components subjected to complex strain cycles when only experimental data on shear is available.