Dietary supplementation of Chlorella vulgaris improved growth performance, immunity, intestinal microbiota and stress resistance of juvenile narrow clawed crayfish, Pontastacus leptodactylus Eschscholtz, 1823

A 63- day feeding trial was conducted to study the effect of fishmeal substitution levels with Chlorella vulgaris meal (25, 50, 75 and 100%) on the growth performance, nutrient digestibility, immune responses and the stress resistance of juvenile narrow clawed crayfish, Pontastacus leptodactylus (6.19 +/- 0.13 g). The highest values of final weight (25.52 g), specific growth rate (2.24% body weight day(-1)), protein efficiency ratio (3.24), the protein productive value (54.67%), in vivo ADC(OM) (88.40%) and in vivo ADC(CP) (93.50%) and the lowest feed conversion ratio (1.49) were observed in the juvenile crayfish fed the diet containing 75% fishmeal substituted level with chlorella meal (p < 0.05). With an increment in the dietary inclusion level of chlorella meal, the activities of alkaline protease (r(2) = 0.97), lipase (r(2) = 0.98), amylase (r(2) = 0.97), phenoloxidase (r(2) = 0.98), superoxide dismutase (r(2) = 0.99), lysozyme (r(2) = 0.96) and nitric oxide synthase (r(2) = 0.98) were promoted as a third-order polynomial regression model (p < 0.05). There was an increasing trend in Lactobacillus count (r(2) = 0.99) and a decreasing trend in Escherichia coli count (r(2) = 0.97) with an increase in the fishmeal substitution level with chlorella meal. Based on the broken line regression model, the dietary fishmeal substitution level (%) with chlorella meal for maximum growth (SGR) and weight gain values and minimum FCR value of crayfish were estimated to be 85.49%, 78.14% and 78.13%, respectively.