Self-reported glaucoma in Canada: findings from population-based surveys, 1994-2003

Background: To provide population estimates and 10-year trends in the self-reported prevalence of glaucoma in Canada, including age and sex profiles, frequency of contact with eye specialists, and associated chronic medical conditions. Methods: Analyses were based on cross-sectional, self-reported data for ages; >= 20 years from 5 national surveys: the 1994-95, 1996-97, and 1998-99 National Population Health Survey (minimum sample size [n] = 33 153) and the 2000-01 and 2002-03 Canadian Community Health Survey (min n = 113 212). Prevalence estimates were derived from descriptive analyses; multivariate logistic regression analyses examined the association of income, education, and chronic medical conditions with the likelihood of reporting glaucoma. Results: In 2002-03, an estimated 409 000 Canadians had glaucoma, including 2.7% of those >= 40 years and 11 % of those >= 80 years. Overall, the prevalence of self-reported glaucoma increased from 1.1 % in 1994-95 to 1.8% in 2002-03 (p < 0.01). Significant increases in age-specific prevalences over time were also observed in 4 of 6 age groups. In total, 14% of respondents with glaucoma reported no recent contact with an eye specialist. Arthritis (and other rheumatic conditions), high blood pressure, migraines, and diabetes were associated with glaucoma. Interpretation: Our review suggests glaucoma is at least as prevalent in Canada as in other Western nations. It is most common in the over-80 age group and appears to be associated with other medical conditions.