Smoking cessation among inner-city African Americans using the nicotine transdermal patch

OBJECTIVE: To determine the efficacy of the transdermal nicotine patch for smoking cessation in inner-city African Americans, DESIGN: Double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized trial, SETTING: Outpatient in an inner-city hospital, PATIENTS AND PARTICIPANTS: A computer-generated random numbers table with a block size set at 20 was used to randomize 410 patients to one of two study arms. INTERVENTIONS:The transdermal nicotine patch for 10 weeks as an adjunct to brief counseling, MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Of the 410 patients randomized, mean age was 48 years, 65% were female, 41% had less than a high school education, 51% had an annual household income of less than $8,000, and the average number of cigarettes smoked per day was 20, Quit rates at 10 weeks were 21.5% (44/205) with the nicotine patch, and 13.7% (28/205) with the placebo patch (p = .03), At 6 months, quit rates were 17.1% (35/205) with the nicotine patch, and 11.7% (24/205) with the placebo patch (p = .08), After adjusting for baseline differences in age and educational attainment, differences remained significant at 10 weeks (p = .04), but were not significant at 6 months (p = .14), Compliance rates for return visits were 83%, 78%, 55%, and 52%, at 1, 2, 6, and 10 weeks, respectively. CONCLUSIONS:The nicotine patch significantly improves short-term quit rates in inner-city African Americans who are interested in trying to quit smoking, Efforts should be made to reach underserved populations through smoking cessation programs, and to assist in maintaining abstinence.