Cigarette smoking in patients with schizophrenia in China: prospective, multicentre study

Methods: In a multicentre, randomized, controlled, longitudinal study, 374 clinically stable patients with schizophrenia were interviewed at entry using standardized assessment instruments, and followed up for 1-2 years. Results: The rate of cigarette smoking was 13.9% in the whole sample, and 26.2% in men and 3.5% in women. On univariate analysis, male sex, unemployment, alcohol consumption, older age, older age at onset, longer duration of illness, more frequent admissions, more severe hostility-excitement at entry and less deterioration in hostility-excitement over the study period were significantly associated with cigarette smoking. On multivariate analysis, male sex, unemployment, alcohol consumption, more frequent admissions, less severe positive and negative symptoms at entry, smaller decline in negative symptoms and more deterioration in disorganized thoughts over the study period were independently associated with cigarette smoking. Conclusion: The rate of cigarette smoking in Chinese schizophrenia patients is considerably lower than most figures reported in the Western literature.