Lithium-Ion Full Batteries Based on the Anode of Non-Metallic Lithium

Rechargeable lithium-ion batteries are vital for developing the electronic devices especially for the portable devices, as well as for the rapid development of plug-in hybrid-electric vehicle (PHEV) / electric vehicle (EV). And also, they are good choices for the deployment of power system (peak clipping and valley filling) and introducing the electric power into power system from the renewable energy sources. However, the disadvantages of low energy capacity are often reviled for the traditional lithium-ion batteries. In the past few decades, the researches of seeking substitutes for the traditional graphite anode material, including metal oxide, titanium-, tin- and silicon-based anode materials, have been widely investigated, and their positive effects on the high capacity and rate capability in the lithium half batteries have been demonstrated repeatedly. But to date, there is insufficient data to confirm these effects in lithium-ion full batteries, and very few kinds of anode materials were successfully utilized in commercialization. Thus, the questions of how the development of new anode-based lithium-ion full battery and whether it could be truly commercialized need to be well considered and discussed urgently, as many researchers concerned. At this stage, this review mainly discusses the development of lithium-ion full batteries starting from the irreversible capacity characteristics of anodes (graphite, Li4Ti5O12, TiO2, GeOx,FeOx,Sn- and Si-based, etc.) in initial cycles.