Electrically Fueled Active Supramolecular Materials

Fuel-driven dissipative self-assemblies play essential roles in living systems, contributing both to their complex, dynamicstructures and emergent functions. Several dissipative supra-molecular materials have been created using chemicals or light asfuel. However, electrical energy, one of the most common energysources, has remained unexplored for such purposes. Here, wedemonstrate a new platform for creating active supramolecularmaterials using electrically fueled dissipative self-assembly.Through an electrochemical redox reaction network, a transientand highly active supramolecular assembly is achieved with rapidkinetics, directionality, and precise spatiotemporal control. Aselectronic signals are the default information carriers in modern technology, the described approach offers a potential opportunity tointegrate active materials into electronic devices for bioelectronic applications.