Development and application experiments of a grain yield monitoring system

An impact-type grain yield monitoring system was developed and tested in laboratory and field to meet the requirement of precision agriculture in China. The system consisted of a mass flow sensor, a clean elevator speed sensor, a ground speed sensor, a moisture content sensor, a controller area network-bus processor, a global navigation satellite system receiver, and an industrial personal computer. The system was used to collect yield data and create the grid map in a field of winter wheat from 2018 to 2019. Laboratory and field calibrations were implemented to verify the accuracy of the mass flow sensor and the moisture content sensor. The errors of time delay and parking were removed, and exponential smoothing was performed in the data preprocessing. A yield reconstruction method was proposed to calculate the yield data of the sampling points based on the empirical model between flow voltage and grain weight. The predicted errors of total yield in both years were less than 5%, which indicated that the accuracy of yield monitoring system was high. An averaging method was used to generate the yield grid map. The spatiotemporal variation of the two-year yield was analyzed. Hierarchical management for precision farming was studied according to spatial variability (CVS = 31%) in 2018. Results showed that the temporal variability was CVT = 34%, which confirmed that the yield increased by about 0.3 t compared with the previous year. Moreover, the variability of the grid map showed the distribution of the yield reduction area, which was related to the characteristics of the seeds and the regional properties of the soil. The results proved that the developed yield monitoring system can be used as a tool to provide a reference for precision agriculture and high-yield management of winter wheat.