Local energy markets for thermal-electric energy systems considering energy carrier dependency and energy storage systems

In this work, a local multi-modal energy market is introduced to couple district heating and electric systems. In the course of the ongoing decarbonization of energy systems, electric systems have to integrate more and more volatile renewable energies, whereas in thermal systems, the demand for sustainable heat generation is continuously increasing. Market-based coordination of local thermal -electric energy systems can help to alleviate these challenges. In this work, an adequate representa-tion of conversion assets, e.g., heat pumps, is achieved by introducing novel coupling orders in the market. These enable an explicit coupling of heat and electricity, and thus cross-energy load-shifts. In addition, a new type of storage orders is introduced to offer flexibility options by energy storage systems in the local energy system. The benefits of the market scheme are demonstrated for a day ahead cycle of an exemplary local energy system in Germany. Inter alia, the results lead to the conclusion that coupling orders are able to alleviate price and volume risks of market participants with conversion assets. Moreover, storage orders can provide operational benefits to the local energy system, while respecting the physical characteristics of energy storage systems. For the specified day ahead cycle, the peak load to the transmission grid can be decreased by up to 18.34%, and, thus improving the self-sufficiency of the local energy system.& COPY; 2022 Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http:// creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).