Self-Compassion and Eating Pathology in Female Adolescents with Eating Disorders: The Mediating Role of Psychological Distress

Objectives A burgeoning literature demonstrates that self-compassion has widespread implications for numerous mental health problems, with recent research highlighting the role of self-compassion in body dissatisfaction and eating pathology. The primary purpose of this study was to investigate the relations between self-compassion, psychological distress, and eating pathology in a clinical sample of female adolescents. In addition, this study examined whether psychological distress emerged as a cross-sectional mediator of the relation between self-compassion and eating pathology. Methods Fifty-eight female adolescents with eating disorders (M-age = 15.45; SD = 1.49) completed the Self-Compassion Scale (SCS), Hopkins Symptom Checklist (SCL-5), and Eating Disorder Examination Questionnaire - Adolescent Version (EDE-Q). Results The SCS positive items (referred to as self-compassion) were negatively associated with psychological distress and eating pathology. The SCS negative items (referred to as self-criticism) were positively associated with psychological distress and eating pathology (all ps < .001). Notably, psychological distress mediated the link between self-compassion and eating pathology (ab = - 0.39, 95% percentile bootstrap confidence interval (PB CI): -0.78 to -0.09). Psychological distress also mediated the relation between self-criticism and eating pathology (ab = 0.30, 95% PB CI: 0.05 to 0.68). Conclusions This study supports the notion that interventions focused on increasing self-compassion and decreasing psychological distress may have important implications for eating disorder recovery in youth.