Chlorine distribution management for spectrally stable and efficient perovskite blue light-emitting diodes

Blue emitting perovskite electroluminescent (EL) devices are mainly realized based on chlorine mixing in bromide perovskites including CsPbBr3, CH3NH3PbBr3 (MAPbBr(3)), and CH(NH2)(2)PbBr3 (FAPbBr(3)). However, the inhomogeneous distribution and varied mobility of Cl and Br ions in alloyed perovskite films always result in EL spectra gradually shifting from blue to green region during device operation. Herein, alloyed FAPbBr(3-x)Cl(x) nanocrystal (NC) films with optimized Cl distribution are fabricated through employment of Cl terminated amine ligands (Cl-ligands). The as fabricated FAPbBr(3-x)Cl(x) NC films exhibit a Cl rich surface and 9 nm blue shifted emission spectrum compared to FAPbBr(3-x)Cl(x) films fabricated by conventional Br terminated ligands (Br-ligands). Furthermore, EL devices based on Cl-ligands achieve blue EL emissions with maximum luminance of 2810 cd/m(2) and EQE of 3.1%, which is almost three times higher than that of EL devices based on Br-ligands. Importantly, Cl-ligands derived EL devices show greatly enhanced spectra stability with only slightly redshifted EL spectra during device operation in a wide bias range, providing an alternative strategy for spectrally stable perovskite blue light-emitting diodes.