A Novel Metal-Mountable Electrically Small Antenna for RFID Tag Applications With Practical Guidelines for the Antenna Design

A novel dual-layer electrically small radio-frequency identification (RFID) tag antenna is proposed for metallic object applications. With a proximity-coupled feed method, two rotationally symmetric loaded via-patches are fed through an embedded dual-element planar inverted-F antenna (PIFA) array. With this configuration, the antenna volume is reduced to 0.08 lambda x 0.04 lambda x 0.007 lambda while the measured antenna gain is 0.08 dBi at the frequency of 923 MHz. Studies demonstrate that the proposed antenna is a good candidate for ultra-high-frequency RFID tags to be mounted on metallic surfaces, especially in size-constrained scenarios. Meanwhile, a figure of merit, namely, NBG, is presented, with which a comparison among electrically small tag antennas is carried out. Finally, several guidelines are given out to facilitate the miniaturization of RFID tag antennas for metallic object applications.