First report of bacterial wilt caused by Ralstonia solanacearum on eucalypts in South Africa

Ralstonia solanacearum, the causal agent of bacterial wilt, has one of the widest host ranges of all phytopathogenic bacteria. This pathogen was first reported on Eucalyptus spp. in the late 1980s in Brazil. Since then, there have been reports of its occurrence on this host in Australia, China and Venezuela. Early in 1997, an 18-month-old clonally propagated Eucalyptus grandis x Eucalyptus camaldulensis (GC) hybrid in Zululand, KwaZulu/Natal, showed signs of wilting. The vascular tissue of infected trees was dicoloured and bacterial exudation was produced from cut surfaces. The bacterium was consistently isolated from diseased tissue, purified and identified as R. solanacearum biovar 3 race 1, using the BioLog bacterial identification system. Inoculation trials were conducted on three E. grandis x E. camaldulensis clones (GC515, GC550 and GC505). Clone GC550 displayed wilting after 3 days and all cuttings subsequently died. Clones GC515 and GC505 appeared to be less susceptible with cuttings not showing signs of disease until 7 days after inoculation. After 14 days, 90 and 80%, respectively, of cuttings of these two clones had died. This is the first report of bacterial wilt on Eucalyptus in South Africa.