Evaluation of location and dimensions of mandibular lingual foramina using cone-beam computed tomography

The aim of this study was to assess the regional frequency and anatomical properties of mandibular lingual foramina (MLF) and their bony canals with cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT). A retrospective study was conducted by selecting images of the mandible from CBCT examination of 500 patients. MLF were located according to tooth areas and were grouped into midline, paramedian, and posterior foramina. In addition, the frequency of bony canals originating from lingual foramina was calculated, and the course and anastomoses were examined. In total, 491 areas with lingual foramina were observed. The highest regional frequency was recognized in the midline area (95.2 %), followed by left first premolar (15.1 %) area. The frequency of foramina in the midline was different from the paramedian and posterior (p < 0.01) regions. 95.6 % of lingual vascular canals originating from midline lingual foramina had a perpendicular course into the symphysis, whereas 60.3 % of canals from paramedian foramina and 83.6 % of canals from lateral lingual foramina presented with an anteriorly directed course. CBCT examination easily demonstrates the presence of the lingual vascular canals. MLF are frequently present in a Turkish population; radiologists and oral surgeons should be aware of this anatomic feature and its possible implications.