R&D policy for underground space use and energy storage in Sweden

Efficient underground energy storage facilities were developed in Sweden during the last two decades. The stores are based in eskers and deep sedimentary rock aquifers. Duct storage, in archean rocks is another promising technology. Heating and cooling applications are the most important. Environmental issues of underground utilization are extremely important. Topics like LCA and maintenance are of growing interest lately. Pooling underground energy storage technology with underground utilization has been favourable, especially in the exchange of experience through international collaboration.