Evaluation of Ecological Environment Quality in Chongqing Main City Area Based on Principal Component Analysis

With the rapid development of social productive forces in China, the process of urbanization has been accelerating, resulting in the deterioration of urban environmental quality and the destruction of ecosystems, such as debris flow, drought, water bloom, large-scale haze weather, and other ecological and environmental problems. The quality of the urban ecological environment is not only related to the stability of urban ecological function but also affects the sustainable development of the city. Many scholars have studied the problem of ecoenvironmental quality assessment, but there are still some shortcomings in the evaluation process, such as the construction of the index system and the application of related methods. Taking Chongqing as the research object, after referring to the representative evaluation index system in China, the evaluation index system of ecological environment quality in Chongqing was constructed from three aspects of nature, economy, and society. In this article, the principal component analysis (PCA) method is used to construct the ecoenvironmental quality evaluation system of Chongqing, and the economic development, pollutant control, natural protection and pollution reduction investment, urban and rural cooperation, land area, and other aspects are comprehensively evaluated. The relationship between simulated variables and the regression equation was also assessed. Through the comparative analysis of the two evaluation methods, it can be seen that the evaluation results of the PCA method and the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method are basically the same in the longitudinal trend, which shows that the application of this method in the field of ecological environment quality evaluation has certain scientific rationality.