Management of steroid-induced osteoporosis

Purpose To review the pathogenesis, clinical presentation, diagnostic assessment and treatment regimes of steroid-induced bone loss. Data sources An English-language literature search (MEDLINE 1966 - 1999) and bibliographic reviews of textbooks and review articles. Study selection Cross-sectional and prospective studies with BMD measurements or fracture rate. Results The greatest rate of bone loss occur during the first 6 to 12 months of steroid therapy, affecting trabecular more than cortical bone. High steroid dosage for a prolonged period, prevalent fracture, hypogonadism, older age, low calcium intake and family history of osteoporosis are risk factors for steroid-induced bone loss. Based on bone density results, patients with osteoporosis or osteopenia with a T-score below -1. 5 should receive antiresorptive treatment during steroid therapy. Among the various antiresorptive agents, bisphosphonates I have the strongest evidence of preventing steroid-induced bone loss. Conclusion The most important step in management of steroid-induced osteoporosis is the proper assessment of the individual patient's risk of bone loss, and the selection of appropriate antiresorptive agent for each patient.