Permian-Triassic magmatic evolution of granitoids from the southeastern Central Asian Orogenic Belt: Implications for accretion leading to collision

Many orogenic belts in the world exhibit accretionary and collisional orogenic phases to varying extents. How accretion evolves into collision of the Central Asian Orogenic Belt (CAOB), the largest Phanerozoic accretionary orogenic belt, is an intriguing question. In this paper, we present new U-Pb age, geochemical and isotopic data for Permian-Triassic granitoids from middle Inner Mongolia, Northern China in the southeastern CAOB, and delineate the magmatic transition from subduction to (soft) collision. The magmatic record of soft collision is identified and characterized by thickened lower crust-derived high Sr/Y granitoids with a sub-linear distribution along the Solonker suture zone. Granitoids from Early Permian to Late Permian became more enriched in whole-rock Nd and zircon Hf isotopic compositions (epsilon(Nd)(t) values from 2.4 to -19.5, epsilon(Hf)(t) values from 11.6 to -33.7), indicating increasing incorporation of old crust. The change in peak timing of magmatism from west (ca. 264 Ma) to east (ca. 251 Ma) along the Solonker suture zone implies "scissor-like" closure of the Paleo-Asian Ocean. Integrated with previous studies, a three-stage tectonic model from the Permian to Triassic by accretion leading to collision on the south-eastern margin of CAOB is proposed. (1) Early Permian (> ca. 285 Ma): Juvenile magmatism on an active continental margin with double-sided subduction of the Paleo-Asian Ocean; (2) Middle Permian to Middle Triassic (ca. 285-235 Ma): Magma source transition from juvenile to old crust induced by a tectonic switch from arc to "scissor-like" closure and subsequent intra-continental orogenic contraction; (3) Late Triassic (< ca. 235 Ma): A-type and alkaline magmatism in response to post-collisional extension.