Electric Bicycle Use and Mode Choice in the Netherlands

Electric bicycles have rapidly become more common in the Netherlands. This paper analyzes the effect of this relatively new form of transportation on modal choice by asking which modes electric bicycles are replacing. Using a revealed preference approach, researchers surveyed users from all over the country and collected demographic information, details about their electric bicycles, usage patterns, and a one-day travel diary. Results showed that electric bicycles were primarily owned by those older than age 55, with recreation, shopping, and commuting as common uses. Regarding modal switch, 40% of electric bicycle trips would have been made in an automobile if an electric bicycle had not been available. This finding suggests that as people age and experience increasing difficulty riding a traditional bicycle, the electric bicycle offers an opportunity for them to stay on the bike paths instead of switching to automobiles.