Investigation on Natural Infection of Covert Mortality Nodavirus in Farmed Giant Freshwater Prawn (Macrobrachium rosenbergii)

Simple Summary Covert mortality nodavirus (CMNV) is a newly discovered aquatic animal virus in recent years. Here, we detected CMNV positive in farmed giant freshwater prawn (Macrobrachium rosenbergii) from Jiangsu, China by TaqMan RT-qPCR. Meanwhile, in situ hybridization and histological analysis indicated that the intestine, gill, hepatopancreas and ovary of giant freshwater prawn were the target organs of CMNV. In addition, a large number of CMNV-like particles were observed in the hepatopancreas and gill tissues under transmission electron microscopy. Overall, our study confirms that giant freshwater prawn is a susceptible host of CMNV, further expands the known host range of CMNV, and provided a new direction for further investigation and exploration of multiple pathogenic factors of giant freshwater prawn disease. Covert mortality nodavirus (CMNV), from the Nodaviridae family, is characterized by its unique cross-species transmission and wide epidemic distribution features. In this study, Macrobrachium rosenbergii was proved to be infected naturally by CMNV, which further expand the known host range of CMNV. Here, 61.9% (70/113) of the M. rosenbergii samples collected from Jiangsu Province were CMNV positive in the TaqMan RT-qPCR assay, which indicated the high prevalence of CMNV in M. rosenbergii. Meanwhile, the sequences of CMNV RdRp gene cloned from M. rosenbergii were highly identical to that of the original CMNV isolate from Penaeus vannamei. In situ hybridization (ISH) and histology analysis indicated that the intestine, gill, hepatopancreas and ovary were the targeted organs of CMNV infection in M. rosenbergii, and obvious histopathological damage including vacuolation and karyopyknosis were occurred in the above organs. Notably, the presence of CMNV in gonad alerted its potential risk of vertical transmission in M. rosenbergii. Additionally, numerous CMNV-like particles could be observed in tissues of hepatopancreas and gill under transmission electron microscopy. Collectively, our results call for concern of the potential negative impact of the spread and prevalence of CMNV in M. rosenbergii on its aquaculture, as well as providing a renewed orientation for further investigation and exploration of the diverse pathogenic factors causing M. rosenbergii diseases.