Electronic Cigarettes Are as Toxic to Skin Flap Survival as Tobacco Cigarettes

被引:30
|
作者
Rau, Aline Sabrina [1 ]
Reinikovaite, Viktorija [2 ]
Schmidt, Eric P. [2 ]
Taraseviciene-Stewart, Laima [2 ]
Deleyiannis, Frederic White-Brown [1 ]
机构
[1] Univ Colorado, Div Plast & Reconstruct Surg, Aurora, CO USA
[2] Univ Colorado, Div Pulm & Crit Care Med, Aurora, CO USA
关键词
flap physiology; nicotine; electronic cigarettes; e-cigs; vaping; wound healing; tobacco cigarettes; hypoxia; necrosis; NICOTINE; SMOKE; PATHOGENESIS;
D O I
10.1097/SAP.0000000000000998
中图分类号
R61 [外科手术学];
学科分类号
摘要
Purpose: Electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) have become increasingly popular. However, information about the health risks associated with e-cigarette use is sparse. Currently, no published studies examine the effects of chronic e-cigarette exposure on microcirculation or perfusion. Using a rat skin flap model, we examined the toxic microcirculatory effects e-cigarettes may have in comparison with tobacco cigarettes. Methods: Fifty-eight rats were randomized to either exposure to room air, tobacco cigarette smoke, medium-nicotine content (1.2%) e-cigarette vapor, or a high-nicotine content (2.4%) e-cigarette vapor. After 4 weeks of exposure, a random pattern, 3 x 9 cm skin flap was elevated on the dorsum of the rats. At 5 weeks, flap survival was evaluated quantitatively, and the rats were euthanized. Plasma was collected for nicotine and cotinine analysis, and flap tissues were harvested for histopathological analysis. Results: Evaluation of the dorsal skin flaps demonstrated significantly increased necrosis in the vapor and tobacco groups. The average necrosis within the groups was as follows: control 19.23%, high-dose vapor 28.61%, medium-dose vapor 35.93%, and tobacco cigarette 30.15%. Although the e-cigarette and tobacco cigarette groups did not differ significantly, each individual group had significantly more necrosis than the control group (P< 0.05). These results were corroborated with histopathological analysis of hypoxic tissue. Conclusions: Both the medium-content and high-nicotine content e-cigarette exposure groups had similar amounts of flap necrosis and hypoxia when compared with the tobacco cigarette exposure group. Nicotine-containing e-cigarette vapor is similarly toxic to skin flap survival as tobacco cigarettes.
引用
收藏
页码:86 / 91
页数:6
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