[1] Osaka Univ, Dept Social & Environm Med, Osaka, Japan
[2] Osaka Univ, Grad Sch Med, Ctr Int Relat, Osaka, Japan
[3] Osaka Med Ctr Canc & Cardiovasc Dis, Dept Canc Control & Stat, Osaka, Japan
[4] Harvard Ctr Populat & Dev Studies, Boston, MA USA
[5] Natl Canc Ctr, Ctr Canc Control & Informat Serv, Canc Informat Serv & Surveillance Div, Tokyo 104, Japan