3D tumor model biofabrication

Animal models have been extensively used in cancer pathology studies and drug discovery. These models, however, fail to reflect the complex human tumor microenvironment and do not allow for high-throughput drug screening in more human-like physiological conditions. Three-dimensional (3D) cancer models present an alternative to automated high-throughput cancer drug discovery and oncology. In this review, we highlight recent technology innovations in building 3D tumor models that simulate the complex human tumor microenvironment and responses of patients to treatment. We discussed various biofabrication technologies, including 3D bioprinting techniques developed for characterizing tumor progression, metastasis, and response to treatment. Graphic abstract