Comprehensive Comparison between Global Positioning System and BeiDou Navigation Satellite System in Terms of Satellite Data, Signals, and Measurements

The BeiDou Navigation Satellite System (BDS) is a Chinese navigation satellite system. It provides services for users in the Asia Pacific region. This research focuses on analyzing the satellite data, signal, and measurement differences between the Chinese BDS and the United States' Global Positioning System (GPS). The objective is to combine both BDS and GPS to provide the enhanced positioning services that meet more stringent requirements. In addition to explaining the impact caused by these two different coordinate and time systems, this research uses actual open service signal in space (SIS) for both GPS and BDS to analyze their current system performance. In this work, five Data quality analysis (DQA) methods, three signal quality analysis (SQA) methods, and four measurement quality analysis (MQA) methods are proposed to validate both systems' data. The DQA evaluates the differences in ephemeris and almanac messages from both systems for stability and accuracy. The SQA evaluates the relationship between signal strength and signal continuity. The MQA is used to demonstrate the stability and errors in pseudorange measurements. Based on these analyses, issues related to GPS and BDS are presented. Users can reduce the risk in integrated positioning by following the suggested resolutions.