Codifying or enabling: the challenge of knowledge management systems

This paper examines the complex interaction between technology and people in the knowledge-making and knowledge-management activities of organisations. Studies in two Australian universities are used to demonstrate the importance of adopting a holistic approach to knowledge management, which is cultural, historical, contextual and dynamic. The paper presents various perceptions of what knowledge management is, or should be, with the suggestion that the cultural historical activity theory be used as the theoretical framework for both the study of knowledge management and the design of knowledge management systems, which enable organisational learning and adaptation.