Studying Radiation from Z-pinch Wire Array and X-Pinch Plasmas: K-shell Mg to M-shell Mo

University-scale Z-pinch generators are able to produce plasmas with a broad range of temperatures, densities, and opacity properties depending on the type, size, and mass of wire-array loads and wire materials. Experiments with very different Z-pinch loads were performed on the 1 MA Zebra generator at UNR and analyzed during the last five years including Single and Nested Cylindrical, Conical, and various types of Planar Wire Arrays. It is shown that such wire arrays are good sources of x-rays and that they produce significant radiation yield (up to 25 kJ) on a ns time scale, and generate bright spots of sub-mm size. They can be used for studying radiative properties of moderate density (between 10(18) cm(-3) and 5x10(21) cm(-3)) and temperature (<= 1.5 keV) plasmas. In addition, X-pinches generated higher density (>10(22) cm(-3)) and temperature (>2 keV) plasmas on scales as small as a few to several mm in size. Wire materials with a broad range of nuclear charge Z were used, ranging from low-Z, such as alloyed Al wires with varying concentrations of Mg, to mid-Z, such as Stainless steel, Cu, Brass, and Mo. Uniform (made from one wire material) as well as combined (made from two wire materials with almost equal wire masses) wire arrays were considered. Uniform, combined, symmetric and asymmetric X-pinches (some of which included a small fraction of tracer Al wires) were also considered. Non-LTE kinetic models to account for K- and L-shell radiation were employed to understand radiative properties of Z-pinch and X-pinch plasmas. Implosion characteristics of such loads are discussed using the wire dynamics and MHD models. Opacity effects of Z-pinch plasmas are studied and benefits of using alloyed and tracer wires are highlighted.