Blood concentrations of vitamins B1, B6, B12, C and D and folate in palliative care patients: Results of a cross-sectional study

Objective The main purpose of palliative care is symptom relief. Frequently, the symptoms of patients requiring palliative care are the same as common symptoms of vitamin deficiency (e.g. pain, weakness, fatigue, depression). The study aim was to investigate whether patients in palliative care are vitamin deficient. Method This was a monocentre cross-sectional study. Patients attending the palliative care unit of a general hospital in Germany from October 2015 to April 2016 were examined for vitamin blood concentrations and symptoms. Data were analysed using univariate analysis and bivariate correlations. Results Data were available from 31 patients. Vitamin D3 deficiency (<62.5 nmol/L) affected 93.5% of patients, vitamin B6 deficiency (<4.1 ng/mL) 48.4%, vitamin C deficiency (<4.5 mg/L) 45.2%, vitamin B1 deficiency (<35 mu g/L) 25.8% and vitamin B12 deficiency (<193 pg/mL) 12.9%. There was a significant negative correlation between vitamin B1 ranges and pain (r = -0.384) and depression (r = -0.439) symptoms. Conclusion All patients showed a deficiency in at least one of the measured vitamins; 68% had concurrent deficiencies in >1 vitamin. A follow-up study using validated questionnaires and a larger sample is needed to investigate the effects of targeted vitamin supplementation on quality of life and symptom burden.