Cleavage mechanoluminescence in crystals

When a crystal is cleaved, initially the mechanoluminescence (ML) intensity increases linearly with time, attains an optimum-value I-m at a particular value of time t(m); and then decays exponentially with time. Cleavage ML provides a new tool to determine the velocity, v of cracks in crystals, and it may be given by v = H/t(m), where H is the thickness of the crystal. Both, the peak ML intensity I-m and total ML intensity I-T increase linearly with the area of newly created surfaces A as well as with the surface charge density y. The ML intensity decreases with temperature primarily due to the decrease in the surface charge density. Beyond a particular temperature, the surface charge density may decrease to such a value where the breakdown of gases and solids may not be possible and thereby the ML may not appear. Depending on the prevailing conditions either the ML emission resembling gas discharge or other types of the luminescence of solids, or that having these two characters may be obtained. There exists a good correlation between the theoretical and experimental results obtained for cleavage ML in crystals.