A moderate intensity exercise program improves physical function and oxidative damage in older women with and without sarcopenic obesity

Background and objectives: The excess of body fat and muscle mass loss in adulthood results in sarcopenic obesity, which is associated with disability and poor physical condition. A relationship among obesity, sarcopenia and oxidative stress also has been established. These aspects limit a good muscle function which is crucial in the independence of older women with and without sarcopenic obesity. This study had as objective to design a moderate intensity exercise program for older women with sarcopenic obesity, and to examine its effects on oxidative damage and physical function. We hypothesized that the exercise program will reduce oxidative damage and to improve the physical function of older women with sarcopenic obesity. Methods: Thirty healthy women (68 +/- 5.05 years old) and 30 women with sarcopenic obesity (68.06 +/- 5.75 years old) from the Integral Development of the Family rest home participated in the evaluation. The participants underwent evaluations of body composition, physical fitness (timed up-and-go [TUG] test, reaction time, gait speed, flexibility and muscle strength) and oxidative stress (oxidative damage to lipid and protein as well as evaluation of the antioxidant system) before and after of moderate intensity exercise program. The program consisted of warm-up, flexibility; aerobic exercises of moderate intensity (VO2 max and HR max between 60% and 70%); isotonic exercises of low intensity with progressive weight (250 g of initial weight, with increase every two weeks until reaching 750 g of final weight) and global stretching at the end of each section. The program was monitored on a personal basis and undertaken three times a week over three months. Results: In both groups, the program induced a five-fold increase in muscle strength, an increase in flexibility and improvement of fragility parameters (TUG and gait speed) (P <= 0.001, respectively). Furthermore, this exercise program decreased oxidative damage and increased antioxidant defense (P <= 0.001) to a greater extent in the sarcopenic group. Conclusion: It was concluded that moderate intensity exercise is an effective approach to promote changes in body composition, physical fitness and to reduce oxidative damage in older women with and without sarcopenic obesity. These findings might have important implications for the prevention or treatment of sarcopenic obesity in older people.