Whether or not it is time for germination is a dilemma for annuals since they have only a single opportunity to reproduce successfully. This is critical for species living in stressful and unpredictable environments such as Mediterranean habitats. In order to clarify the environmental cues of germination, four annuals of different families, all of them occurring very frequently on gypsum soils, were selected and their germination observed under 14 climate scenarios, mimicking temperature and photoperiod conditions from autumn to spring, at two levels of water availability (continuous irrigation versus an initial single irrigation event followed by a progressive soil desiccation). In spring scenarios, two seed-storage conditions were compared: dry cold and room conditions. In the absence of water limitation, germination decreased from early autumn to late spring. Water scarcity always reduced germination, especially in early spring. Our results suggest a facultative winter germination behaviour and highlight the crucial role of dry cold storage in reducing spring germination. In conclusion, Mediterranean ephemerals showed a very plastic germination response that allows them to take advantage of favourable environmental conditions from autumn to spring. This environmental cueing is combined with the ability to dilute the risk through a variable rate of seed dormancy that, according to bet-hedging strategies, increases from secure autumn to riskier spring.
机构:
Volcani Ctr, Inst Soil Water & Environm Sci, ARO, POB 15159, IL-7528809 Rishon Leziyyon, Israel
Hebrew Univ Jerusalem, Robert H Smith Fac Agr Food & Environm, IL-76100 Rehovot, IsraelVolcani Ctr, Inst Soil Water & Environm Sci, ARO, POB 15159, IL-7528809 Rishon Leziyyon, Israel
Freiberg, Yaniv
Fine, Pinchas
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Volcani Ctr, Inst Soil Water & Environm Sci, ARO, POB 15159, IL-7528809 Rishon Leziyyon, IsraelVolcani Ctr, Inst Soil Water & Environm Sci, ARO, POB 15159, IL-7528809 Rishon Leziyyon, Israel
Fine, Pinchas
Borisover, Michael
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Volcani Ctr, Inst Soil Water & Environm Sci, ARO, POB 15159, IL-7528809 Rishon Leziyyon, IsraelVolcani Ctr, Inst Soil Water & Environm Sci, ARO, POB 15159, IL-7528809 Rishon Leziyyon, Israel
Borisover, Michael
Levkovitch, Irit
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Volcani Ctr, Inst Soil Water & Environm Sci, ARO, POB 15159, IL-7528809 Rishon Leziyyon, IsraelVolcani Ctr, Inst Soil Water & Environm Sci, ARO, POB 15159, IL-7528809 Rishon Leziyyon, Israel
Levkovitch, Irit
Baram, Shahar
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Volcani Ctr, Inst Soil Water & Environm Sci, ARO, POB 15159, IL-7528809 Rishon Leziyyon, IsraelVolcani Ctr, Inst Soil Water & Environm Sci, ARO, POB 15159, IL-7528809 Rishon Leziyyon, Israel
机构:
Int Crops Res Inst Semi Arid Trop, ICRISAT Dev Ctr, Patancheru 502324, Andhra Pradesh, India
Dr Balasaheb Sawant Konkan Krishi Vidyapeeth, Dapoli 415712, IndiaInt Crops Res Inst Semi Arid Trop, ICRISAT Dev Ctr, Patancheru 502324, Andhra Pradesh, India
Bhattacharyya, T.
Pal, D. K.
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Natl Bur Soil Survey & Land Use Planning, Nagpur 440033, Maharashtra, IndiaInt Crops Res Inst Semi Arid Trop, ICRISAT Dev Ctr, Patancheru 502324, Andhra Pradesh, India
Pal, D. K.
Wani, Suhas P.
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Int Crops Res Inst Semi Arid Trop, ICRISAT Dev Ctr, Patancheru 502324, Andhra Pradesh, IndiaInt Crops Res Inst Semi Arid Trop, ICRISAT Dev Ctr, Patancheru 502324, Andhra Pradesh, India
Wani, Suhas P.
Sahrawat, K. L.
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Int Crops Res Inst Semi Arid Trop, ICRISAT Dev Ctr, Patancheru 502324, Andhra Pradesh, IndiaInt Crops Res Inst Semi Arid Trop, ICRISAT Dev Ctr, Patancheru 502324, Andhra Pradesh, India
Sahrawat, K. L.
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CURRENT SCIENCE,
2016,
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: 1784
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1788
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Agr Res Org, Volcani Ctr, Inst Soil Water & Environm Sci, IL-50250 Bet Dagan, IsraelAgr Res Org, Volcani Ctr, Inst Soil Water & Environm Sci, IL-50250 Bet Dagan, Israel
Stanhill, Gerald
Kurtzman, Daniel
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Agr Res Org, Volcani Ctr, Inst Soil Water & Environm Sci, IL-50250 Bet Dagan, IsraelAgr Res Org, Volcani Ctr, Inst Soil Water & Environm Sci, IL-50250 Bet Dagan, Israel
Kurtzman, Daniel
Rosa, Rafael
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Agr Res Org, Volcani Ctr, Inst Soil Water & Environm Sci, IL-50250 Bet Dagan, IsraelAgr Res Org, Volcani Ctr, Inst Soil Water & Environm Sci, IL-50250 Bet Dagan, Israel