Fluorescent quantum dots from two-dimensional nanomaterials for in vitro and in vivo bioimaging

Fluorescent nanoparticles have gained tremendous interests owing to their enormous potential in biological and nanomedical applications. Graphene quantum dots have proven themselves as emergent fluorophores due to their fascinating optoelectronic and physicochemical features, namely the tunable photoluminescence, the small size, the low cytotoxicity, the significant photostability, the high biocompatibility and the low cost synthesis, making of them a very promising zero-dimensional material for nanomedicine field such as the in vitro and in vivo bioimaging. This review aims to report an overview of the electronic, optical and chemical properties of graphene quantum dots and their counterparts, showing thus their exciting characteristics and providing insights into their development as well as their use in bioimaging.(c) 2022 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. Selection and peer-review under responsibility of the scientific committee of NANOSMAT Mediterrane