Postremission therapy for acute myeloid leukemia in the first remission

The medical records of 99 patients with acute myeloid leukemia ( AML; except AML, M3) in the first remission from 1995 to 2004 were retrospectively reviewed. When they achieved complete remission, at first complete remission ( CR1), patients received allogeneic ( n = 23), autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation ( HSCT) ( n 35), or intensive chemotherapy ( n 41) according to prognostic factors and donor availability. There was an advantage in terms of event-free survival ( EFS, p = 0.0001) and overall survival ( OS, p = 0.0002) with HSCT as compared to those of intensive chemotherapy. However, the EFS and OS were not different between allogeneic HSCT and autologous HSCT. In high-risk patients, the EFS and OS of allogenic or autologous HSCT group were higher compared with those in the intensive chemotherapy group ( p < 0.01). However, there was no difference between allogeneic HSCT and autologous HSCT in terms of EFS and OS. In the intermediate- or low-risk group, there was no significant difference in the outcome according to the postremission modalities.