Absence of the hyperfine magnetic field at the Ru site in ferromagnetic rare-earth intermetallics

The Mossbauer effect (ME) is frequently used to investigate magnetically ordered systems. One usually assumes that the magnetic order induces a hyperfine magnetic field, B(hyperfine), at the ME active site. This is the case in the ruthenates, where the temperature dependence of B(hyperfine) at (99)Ru sites tracks the temperature dependence of the ferromagnetic or antiferromagnetic order. However this does not happen in the rare-earth intermetallics, GdRu(2) and HoRu(2). Specific heat, magnetization, magnetic susceptibility, Mssbauer effect, and neutron diffraction have been used to study the nature of the magnetic order in these materials. Both materials are found to order ferromagnetically at 83.1 and 15.3 K, respectively. Despite the ferromagnetic order of the rare-earth moments in both systems, there is no evidence of a correspondingly large B(hyperfine) in the Mssbauer spectrum at the Ru site. Instead the measured spectra consist of a narrow peak at all temperatures which points to the absence of magnetic order. To understand the surprising absence of a transferred hyperfine magnetic field, we carried out ab initio calculations which show that spin polarization is present only on the rare-earth site. The electron spin at the Ru sites is effectively unpolarized and, as a result, B(hyperfine) is very small at those sites. This occurs because the 4d Ru electrons form broad conduction bands rather than localized moments. These 4d conduction bands are polarized in the region of the Fermi energy and mediate the interaction between the localized rare-earth moments.