The Rdna-ITS Sequence Analysis on Morchella from Gannan Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture of Gansu Province

According to the ecological environment and the morphological characteristics, 7 strains of wild Morchellas which are from Ganna Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture of Gansu Province are selected from the shape. The rDNA-ITS(Internal Transcribed Spacer) sequence is applied to make the compared technical analysis. The results show that 7 strains of wild Morchellas belong to four kinds of species, they are the M. crassipes, the M. esculenta, the M. angusticeps and the M. elata. According to the research of molecular phylogenetic tree, the M. crassipes and the M. esculent belong to the yellow morel and the M. angusticeps and M. elata belong to the black morel. The Morchella belongs to the Ascomycotina, the Discomycetes, the Pezizales and the Morchellaceae. It is a kind of precious and rare edible (medicinal) fungus which is recognized by the world. The different scholars make the division of Morchellas which range from 3 to 32 species (Lan Jin etc., 1999). There are the detailed reports about the species distribution, ecological environment, resources investigation and research use of Morchella in Yunnan Province, Gansu Province, Qinghai Province, Sichuan Province, Liaoning Province, Jiangsu Province and Guizhou Province of China. (Sha Yexiong, 1990; Long Zhenghai and Qin Jing, 1993; Ren Guimei and Zhang Shaogang, 1999; Lin Rukai, 2001; Xie Zhanling and Xie Zhanqing, 2007). The Gannan Tibetan autonomous prefecture is located in the transitional zone of Gansu Province, Qinghai Province and Sichuan Province. The whole region is located in the north latitude 33 degrees 20'similar to 35 degrees 40', longitude 100 degrees 52'similar to 104 degrees 45', the altitude is about 3000 similar to 4000 meters, the terrain is high and it belongs to the cold climate zone (Duan Lijie etc., 2005). The vegetation coverage rate is high and the biological community is stable in the region, its unique climate characteristic has produced the abundant biological resources and provides superior diverse ecological conditions for the occurrence of large fungus. Among them, it includes the Morchella. Therefore, the author has carried out the research work, applied rDNA-ITS sequence analysis method to make the classification and identification for the Morchella which are collected in the region. This paper provides the theory basis for the in-depth study of the variation rule of the Morchella genera and species differentiation in the region.