PSYCHOLOGICAL IMPACT MODELS IN THE WORKS OF ART

Impact is the process and the result of the initiator changing the state of the addressee of the impact, their behavior of attitudes, intentions, ideas, assessments, etc. during the interaction with them. Psychological influence is carried out exclusively by psychological means. The psychological impact of the works of art is beyond doubt. The question arises, by what psychological mechanisms is this effect carried out. The working hypothesis of this study: in the process of impact, by the works of art, the mechanisms of a general model of psychological influence and its integrative model are implemented. The article provides extensive evidence of the validity of this assumption. The general model of the initiator's psychological impact on the addressee includes the following blocks: Involving the addressee in contact + Effect of background factors + Influence on the psychological targets of the addressee + Prompting the addressee to action. The integrative model consists of three blocks: State of consciousness of the initiator -> Psychological influence (state transfer) -> State of consciousness of the addressee. In the case of the impact of a work of art, "a work of art mediates between the mind (picture of the whole world) of the author and the mind of the recipient-the reader, the viewer, the listener" (Michael Bakhtin). That is, in the integrative model of the impact carried out through the composition, it is this composition that transfers the state from the author to another person. The analysis carried out in the article shows that the psychological mechanisms of influence exerted by a work of art actually implement the mechanisms presented in these models of psychological influence. Analyzed excerpts from the works: Alexander Kuprin's "Garnet Bracelet," Leo Tolstoy's "Kreutzer Sonata," Mikhail Glinka "On Music and Musicians," showing the impact force exerted on the musical work; Wassily Kandinsky's "On the Spiritual in Art," Ray Bradbury's "Smile"-on the impact of the means of art; Sergei Eisenstein "Installation of rides," Viktor Astafiev's "Theft"-about the impact of cinema and theatrical art; Rainer Rilke's "Auguste Rodin"-on the impact of sculptural compositions; Ilya Repin "Far near," Giorgio Vasari "Lives of famous painters, sculptors, architects" as examples of the transfer of the state of one artist to another. Thus, to the known 14 types of psychological influences, subject to the general and integrative models of psychological influence, their 15th type is added-the psychological impact exerted by works of art.