Technological innovation capability, knowledge sourcing and collaborative innovation in Gulf Cooperation Council countries

This study conducts a comprehensive research to investigate technological innovation, knowledge sources and collaboration innovation in Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries. Based on the patent and citation data during 1976-2010, the empirical finding are observed as follows. Technological innovation capability of GCC has incrementally increased over time, but GCC deeply relies on other advanced countries in technological innovation. Saudi Arabia plays a predominate position of technological innovation capability in GCC. Basic knowledge is the most effective knowledge resource for enhancing technological innovation capability. Knowledge spillover effect is influenced by geographical distance with GCC. Finally, USA, France, Germany, Great Kingdom and Canada are top five countries of collaborative innovation with GCC.